微机械加速度计发展现状浅析

自微机电系统（MEMS）技术以IC工艺为基础发展以来,微机械加速度计便作为其中一个耀眼的应用实例大放异彩。在国外,上世纪九十年代就有低精度微加速度计产品,同时国内也开始了相关研究。时至今日,微加速度计已经按高精度、中精度、低精度三个精度等级分别发展。以麻省理工大学（MIT）Draper实验室为代表的一些国外机构已经研制出10-7g级别的高精度微加速度计样机并尝试在潜射导弹、洲际导弹再入等方面取得应用,乃至将来替代高精度摆式积分陀螺加速度计（PIGA）;以COLIBRYS、Honeywell等公司为代表的商业机构,依托自身科研能力,致力于将中精度微机械加速度计推出量产化的单表和组合成品并推向低端军用和高端民用市场;以AD、ST等公司为代表的跨国公司,依托自身工艺线,推出大量的微机械加速度计,占领了消费电子市场。国内的研制分工也越来越细化,技术路线、行业分工、研究内容、需求牵引都越来越明确,其中压阻式、热对流式微机械加速度计已经产业化,微机械加速度计已有小批量的产品,硅微谐振式加速度计也显示了很好的发展前景。本文试对发展现状进行了简单评析。     

建模与仿真VV＆A辅助软件设计与实现

设计开发了MSVAS（建模与仿真VV＆A（校核、验证和确认）辅助软件）,提高导弹动力学仿真系统VV＆A自动化程度。过程管理模块通过工程配置文件设计,提供VV＆A流程的图形化设计与管理、任务安排等功能,指导VV＆A工作顺利进行;评估分析模块提供方法库,为各类具体评估工作提供技术方法支持;模型测试模块提供各种试验设计方法,目的是为充分测试评估模型的可信性设计各类测试实例;资源管理模块对导弹动力学系统VV＆A所涉及到的数据、模型和文档等资源进行了合理、有效的管理。MSVAS能为导弹动力学仿真系统VV＆A提供过程管理、技术等支持,提高了VV＆A工作效率,并减轻工作者的负担。     

观测数据野值剔除的TBS-LS逼近方法

提出了以最小二乘逼近方法为基础的数据野值判别与剔除算法。利用TBS（三角B样条）曲线同时具有局部性和整体性的优越性构造最小二乘拟合算法,并结合偏度分析与残量分析误差方法,在给定范数意义下的评价系统中,可以得到TBS-LS（最小二乘三角B样条）拟合曲线,从而可以更好地识别并剔除野值。最后给出算法以及主要结果,通过实例说明方法的有效性。     

脉冲发动机中隔层传热炭化模型

为分析脉冲发动机中隔层的绝热效果及温度变化情况,推导了隔层两种炭化模型的计算公式,对比实际发动机试车结果,模型一误差为20%,模型二误差为6.7%,炭化模型二具有较好的精度;数值模拟了隔层的热传导过程,将是否考虑炭化影响的隔层传热深度及温度分布与理论计算结果进行对比,未考虑炭化影响计算结果的误差在14.3%以上,考虑炭化影响计算结果的误差均小于10%。研究结果表明,预估隔层炭化深度时,应该运用炭化模型二;计算隔层的温度场分布时,必须考虑炭化影响。     

聚邻乙氧基苯胺/ Fe3 O4 复合薄膜的制备及吸波性能

采用静电自组装技术,以化学氧化法合成的聚邻乙氧基苯胺和水热法制备的Fe3O4磁流体为原料,制备了聚邻乙氧基苯胺/Fe3O4复合薄膜,并采用SEM、FT-IR和矢量网络分析仪等手段表征了复合薄膜的形貌及电磁参数随频率的变化关系,对其微波吸收性能进行了初步研究.结果表明:制得的复合薄膜呈片状结构,吸波性能主要靠磁损耗,且在较低频率范围(8～10 GHz)内,薄膜厚度d为3.5mm时吸波效果较佳,反射率最低可达-11.5 dB;在较高频率范围(10～12.5 GHz)内,d为2.5 mm时吸波效果较佳,反射率最低为-10.4dB.     

Modified energy cascade model adapted for a multicrop Lunar greenhouse prototype

Models are required to accurately predict mass and energy balances in a bioregenerative life support system. A modified energy cascade model was used to predict outputs of a multi-crop (tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce and strawberries) Lunar greenhouse prototype. The model performance was evaluated against measured data obtained from several system closure experiments. The model predictions corresponded well to those obtained from experimental measurements for the overall system closure test period (five months), especially for biomass produced (0.7% underestimated), water consumption (0.3% overestimated) and condensate production (0.5% overestimated). However, the model was less accurate when the results were compared with data obtained from a shorter experimental time period, with 31%, 48% and 51% error for biomass uptake, water consumption, and condensate production, respectively, which were obtained under more complex crop production patterns (e.g. tall tomato plants covering part of the lettuce production zones). These results, together with a model sensitivity analysis highlighted the necessity of periodic characterization of the environmental parameters (e.g. light levels, air leakage) in the Lunar greenhouse.     

The South Pole-Aitken basin region,Moon: GIS-based geologic investigation using Kaguya elemental information

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed comparative analysis among stratigraphic information and the Kaguya (SELENE) GRS data of the ∼2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin and its surroundings. Results indicate that the surface rock materials (including ancient crater materials, mare basalts, and possible SPA impact melt) are average to slightly elevated in K and Th with respect to the rest of the Moon. Also, this study demonstrates that K and Th have not significantly changed since the formation of SPA. The elemental signatures of the impact basin of Fe, Ti, Si, O through time include evidence for resurfacing by ejecta materials and late-stage volcanism. The oldest surfaces of SPA are found to be oxygen-depleted during the heavy bombardment period relative to later stages of geologic development, followed by both an increase in silicon and oxygen, possibly due to ejecta sourced from outside of SPA, and subsequent modification due to mare basaltic volcanism, which increased iron and titanium within SPA. The influence of the distinct geologic history of SPA and surroundings on the mineralogic and elemental abundances is evident as shown in our investigation.     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

微型定容多次燃油喷射系统高速响应特性仿真

针对小排量发动机转速范围大、工作循环喷油量小的特点,提出了一种微型定容多次燃油喷射系统结构,建立了系统电、磁、液、机耦合模型,仿真计算了从输入电压到喷射输出的动态响应特性,分析了影响系统高速特性的关键因素.结果表明:该喷射系统响应频率可达到1000Hz,响应时间可以满足小排量发动机最高转速要求,具备工程可实现性.      

气膜约束对轴系固有频率影响的试验

对10kg转子进行自由状态和有气膜约束两种状态下的试验模态分析,试验结果给出了转子平动、锥动和一阶弯曲时的固有频率及其振型等模态参数,分析了轴承供气压力变化对轴系固有频率的影响.进行了轴系升降速试验,结果表明:气膜约束下的模态分析结果比自由状态下的更接近于升降速试验的结果.试验结果为气体轴系固有频率的确定以及控制参数的选取提供了依据,也为下一步轴系振动控制奠定了基础.